Serveur d'exploration sur le suicide chez les dentistes

Attention, ce site est en cours de développement !
Attention, site généré par des moyens informatiques à partir de corpus bruts.
Les informations ne sont donc pas validées.

Three Serious Drug Interactions that Every Dentist Should Know About.

Identifieur interne : 000173 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000172; suivant : 000174

Three Serious Drug Interactions that Every Dentist Should Know About.

Auteurs : Elliot V. Hersh [États-Unis] ; Paul A. Moore [États-Unis]

Source :

RBID : pubmed:26053779

Descripteurs français

English descriptors

Abstract

Patients with complex medical and drug histories are becoming more commonplace in dental practice. This article reviews three serious adverse drug interactions that are well supported by the literature and can impact dental practice. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit the renal excretion of lithium and lead to lithium toxicity. Metronidazole and fluconazole inhibit the metabolism of warfarin by blocking cytochrome P-450 2C9 (CYP-2C9), the major metabolic pathway of warfarin, with the end result being dramatic increases in patients' international normalized ratios (INRs) and potentially fatal bleeding. Propranolol and other nonselective beta-adrenergic blocking agents can inhibit the vasodilatory effect of epinephrine in dental local anesthetic solutions, leading to hypertensive reactions and a concomitant reflex bradycardia. It is important for clinicians to recognize and avoid these serious drug interactions. By doing so, they will provide the safest and best treatment for their patients.

PubMed: 26053779


Affiliations:


Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)


Le document en format XML

<record>
<TEI>
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title xml:lang="en">Three Serious Drug Interactions that Every Dentist Should Know About.</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hersh, Elliot V" sort="Hersh, Elliot V" uniqKey="Hersh E" first="Elliot V" last="Hersh">Elliot V. Hersh</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:affiliation>Professor, Pharmacology, Department of Oral Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Professor, Pharmacology, Department of Oral Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Moore, Paul A" sort="Moore, Paul A" uniqKey="Moore P" first="Paul A" last="Moore">Paul A. Moore</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:affiliation>Professor, Pharmacology and Dental Public Health, Departments of Dental Anesthesiology and Dental Public Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
<settlement type="city">Pittsburgh</settlement>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Professor, Pharmacology and Dental Public Health, Departments of Dental Anesthesiology and Dental Public Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh</wicri:cityArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Pittsburgh</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt>
<idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno>
<date when="2015">2015</date>
<idno type="RBID">pubmed:26053779</idno>
<idno type="pmid">26053779</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000176</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000176</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000176</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Curation">000176</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000176</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<title xml:lang="en">Three Serious Drug Interactions that Every Dentist Should Know About.</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hersh, Elliot V" sort="Hersh, Elliot V" uniqKey="Hersh E" first="Elliot V" last="Hersh">Elliot V. Hersh</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:affiliation>Professor, Pharmacology, Department of Oral Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Professor, Pharmacology, Department of Oral Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Moore, Paul A" sort="Moore, Paul A" uniqKey="Moore P" first="Paul A" last="Moore">Paul A. Moore</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:affiliation>Professor, Pharmacology and Dental Public Health, Departments of Dental Anesthesiology and Dental Public Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
<settlement type="city">Pittsburgh</settlement>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Professor, Pharmacology and Dental Public Health, Departments of Dental Anesthesiology and Dental Public Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh</wicri:cityArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Pittsburgh</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series>
<title level="j">Compendium of continuing education in dentistry (Jamesburg, N.J. : 1995)</title>
<idno type="eISSN">2158-1797</idno>
<imprint>
<date when="2015" type="published">2015</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc>
<textClass>
<keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en">
<term>Adrenergic beta-Antagonists (adverse effects)</term>
<term>Adrenergic beta-Antagonists (pharmacology)</term>
<term>Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal (adverse effects)</term>
<term>Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal (pharmacology)</term>
<term>Bradycardia (chemically induced)</term>
<term>Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 (drug effects)</term>
<term>Dental Care (MeSH)</term>
<term>Drug Interactions (MeSH)</term>
<term>Epinephrine (adverse effects)</term>
<term>Epinephrine (pharmacology)</term>
<term>Fluconazole (adverse effects)</term>
<term>Fluconazole (pharmacology)</term>
<term>Hemorrhage (chemically induced)</term>
<term>Humans (MeSH)</term>
<term>International Normalized Ratio (MeSH)</term>
<term>Lithium (adverse effects)</term>
<term>Lithium (pharmacology)</term>
<term>Metronidazole (adverse effects)</term>
<term>Metronidazole (pharmacology)</term>
<term>Propranolol (adverse effects)</term>
<term>Propranolol (pharmacology)</term>
<term>Warfarin (adverse effects)</term>
<term>Warfarin (pharmacology)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Antagonistes bêta-adrénergiques (effets indésirables)</term>
<term>Antagonistes bêta-adrénergiques (pharmacologie)</term>
<term>Anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens (effets indésirables)</term>
<term>Anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens (pharmacologie)</term>
<term>Bradycardie (induit chimiquement)</term>
<term>Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 (effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques)</term>
<term>Fluconazole (effets indésirables)</term>
<term>Fluconazole (pharmacologie)</term>
<term>Humains (MeSH)</term>
<term>Hémorragie (induit chimiquement)</term>
<term>Interactions médicamenteuses (MeSH)</term>
<term>Lithium (effets indésirables)</term>
<term>Lithium (pharmacologie)</term>
<term>Métronidazole (effets indésirables)</term>
<term>Métronidazole (pharmacologie)</term>
<term>Propranolol (effets indésirables)</term>
<term>Propranolol (pharmacologie)</term>
<term>Rapport international normalisé (MeSH)</term>
<term>Soins dentaires (MeSH)</term>
<term>Warfarine (effets indésirables)</term>
<term>Warfarine (pharmacologie)</term>
<term>Épinéphrine (effets indésirables)</term>
<term>Épinéphrine (pharmacologie)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="adverse effects" xml:lang="en">
<term>Adrenergic beta-Antagonists</term>
<term>Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal</term>
<term>Epinephrine</term>
<term>Fluconazole</term>
<term>Lithium</term>
<term>Metronidazole</term>
<term>Propranolol</term>
<term>Warfarin</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="drug effects" xml:lang="en">
<term>Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="pharmacology" xml:lang="en">
<term>Adrenergic beta-Antagonists</term>
<term>Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal</term>
<term>Epinephrine</term>
<term>Fluconazole</term>
<term>Lithium</term>
<term>Metronidazole</term>
<term>Propranolol</term>
<term>Warfarin</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="chemically induced" xml:lang="en">
<term>Bradycardia</term>
<term>Hemorrhage</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="effets indésirables" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Antagonistes bêta-adrénergiques</term>
<term>Anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens</term>
<term>Fluconazole</term>
<term>Lithium</term>
<term>Métronidazole</term>
<term>Propranolol</term>
<term>Warfarine</term>
<term>Épinéphrine</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="induit chimiquement" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Bradycardie</term>
<term>Hémorragie</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pharmacologie" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Antagonistes bêta-adrénergiques</term>
<term>Anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens</term>
<term>Fluconazole</term>
<term>Lithium</term>
<term>Métronidazole</term>
<term>Propranolol</term>
<term>Warfarine</term>
<term>Épinéphrine</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en">
<term>Dental Care</term>
<term>Drug Interactions</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>International Normalized Ratio</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Interactions médicamenteuses</term>
<term>Rapport international normalisé</term>
<term>Soins dentaires</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Patients with complex medical and drug histories are becoming more commonplace in dental practice. This article reviews three serious adverse drug interactions that are well supported by the literature and can impact dental practice. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit the renal excretion of lithium and lead to lithium toxicity. Metronidazole and fluconazole inhibit the metabolism of warfarin by blocking cytochrome P-450 2C9 (CYP-2C9), the major metabolic pathway of warfarin, with the end result being dramatic increases in patients' international normalized ratios (INRs) and potentially fatal bleeding. Propranolol and other nonselective beta-adrenergic blocking agents can inhibit the vasodilatory effect of epinephrine in dental local anesthetic solutions, leading to hypertensive reactions and a concomitant reflex bradycardia. It is important for clinicians to recognize and avoid these serious drug interactions. By doing so, they will provide the safest and best treatment for their patients. </div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pubmed>
<MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM">
<PMID Version="1">26053779</PMID>
<DateCompleted>
<Year>2017</Year>
<Month>03</Month>
<Day>07</Day>
</DateCompleted>
<DateRevised>
<Year>2017</Year>
<Month>03</Month>
<Day>07</Day>
</DateRevised>
<Article PubModel="Print">
<Journal>
<ISSN IssnType="Electronic">2158-1797</ISSN>
<JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet">
<Volume>36</Volume>
<Issue>6</Issue>
<PubDate>
<Year>2015</Year>
<Month>Jun</Month>
</PubDate>
</JournalIssue>
<Title>Compendium of continuing education in dentistry (Jamesburg, N.J. : 1995)</Title>
<ISOAbbreviation>Compend Contin Educ Dent</ISOAbbreviation>
</Journal>
<ArticleTitle>Three Serious Drug Interactions that Every Dentist Should Know About.</ArticleTitle>
<Pagination>
<MedlinePgn>408-13; quiz 414, 416</MedlinePgn>
</Pagination>
<Abstract>
<AbstractText>Patients with complex medical and drug histories are becoming more commonplace in dental practice. This article reviews three serious adverse drug interactions that are well supported by the literature and can impact dental practice. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit the renal excretion of lithium and lead to lithium toxicity. Metronidazole and fluconazole inhibit the metabolism of warfarin by blocking cytochrome P-450 2C9 (CYP-2C9), the major metabolic pathway of warfarin, with the end result being dramatic increases in patients' international normalized ratios (INRs) and potentially fatal bleeding. Propranolol and other nonselective beta-adrenergic blocking agents can inhibit the vasodilatory effect of epinephrine in dental local anesthetic solutions, leading to hypertensive reactions and a concomitant reflex bradycardia. It is important for clinicians to recognize and avoid these serious drug interactions. By doing so, they will provide the safest and best treatment for their patients. </AbstractText>
</Abstract>
<AuthorList CompleteYN="Y">
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Hersh</LastName>
<ForeName>Elliot V</ForeName>
<Initials>EV</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Professor, Pharmacology, Department of Oral Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Moore</LastName>
<ForeName>Paul A</ForeName>
<Initials>PA</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Professor, Pharmacology and Dental Public Health, Departments of Dental Anesthesiology and Dental Public Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
</AuthorList>
<Language>eng</Language>
<PublicationTypeList>
<PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType>
<PublicationType UI="D016454">Review</PublicationType>
</PublicationTypeList>
</Article>
<MedlineJournalInfo>
<Country>United States</Country>
<MedlineTA>Compend Contin Educ Dent</MedlineTA>
<NlmUniqueID>9600713</NlmUniqueID>
<ISSNLinking>1548-8578</ISSNLinking>
</MedlineJournalInfo>
<ChemicalList>
<Chemical>
<RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D000319">Adrenergic beta-Antagonists</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
<Chemical>
<RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D000894">Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
<Chemical>
<RegistryNumber>140QMO216E</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D008795">Metronidazole</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
<Chemical>
<RegistryNumber>5Q7ZVV76EI</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D014859">Warfarin</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
<Chemical>
<RegistryNumber>8VZV102JFY</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D015725">Fluconazole</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
<Chemical>
<RegistryNumber>9FN79X2M3F</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D008094">Lithium</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
<Chemical>
<RegistryNumber>9Y8NXQ24VQ</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D011433">Propranolol</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
<Chemical>
<RegistryNumber>EC 1.14.13.-</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="C450260">CYP2C9 protein, human</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
<Chemical>
<RegistryNumber>EC 1.14.13.-</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D065729">Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
<Chemical>
<RegistryNumber>YKH834O4BH</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D004837">Epinephrine</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
</ChemicalList>
<CitationSubset>D</CitationSubset>
<MeshHeadingList>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D000319" MajorTopicYN="N">Adrenergic beta-Antagonists</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000009" MajorTopicYN="Y">adverse effects</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000494" MajorTopicYN="N">pharmacology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D000894" MajorTopicYN="N">Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000009" MajorTopicYN="Y">adverse effects</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000494" MajorTopicYN="N">pharmacology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D001919" MajorTopicYN="N">Bradycardia</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000139" MajorTopicYN="N">chemically induced</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D065729" MajorTopicYN="N">Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000187" MajorTopicYN="N">drug effects</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D003729" MajorTopicYN="Y">Dental Care</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D004347" MajorTopicYN="Y">Drug Interactions</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D004837" MajorTopicYN="N">Epinephrine</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000009" MajorTopicYN="Y">adverse effects</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000494" MajorTopicYN="N">pharmacology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D015725" MajorTopicYN="N">Fluconazole</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000009" MajorTopicYN="Y">adverse effects</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000494" MajorTopicYN="N">pharmacology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D006470" MajorTopicYN="N">Hemorrhage</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000139" MajorTopicYN="N">chemically induced</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D019934" MajorTopicYN="N">International Normalized Ratio</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D008094" MajorTopicYN="N">Lithium</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000009" MajorTopicYN="Y">adverse effects</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000494" MajorTopicYN="N">pharmacology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D008795" MajorTopicYN="N">Metronidazole</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000009" MajorTopicYN="Y">adverse effects</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000494" MajorTopicYN="N">pharmacology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D011433" MajorTopicYN="N">Propranolol</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000009" MajorTopicYN="Y">adverse effects</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000494" MajorTopicYN="N">pharmacology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D014859" MajorTopicYN="N">Warfarin</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000009" MajorTopicYN="Y">adverse effects</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000494" MajorTopicYN="N">pharmacology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
</MeshHeadingList>
</MedlineCitation>
<PubmedData>
<History>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez">
<Year>2015</Year>
<Month>6</Month>
<Day>9</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
<Minute>0</Minute>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed">
<Year>2015</Year>
<Month>6</Month>
<Day>9</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
<Minute>0</Minute>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline">
<Year>2017</Year>
<Month>3</Month>
<Day>8</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
<Minute>0</Minute>
</PubMedPubDate>
</History>
<PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26053779</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</PubmedData>
</pubmed>
<affiliations>
<list>
<country>
<li>États-Unis</li>
</country>
<region>
<li>Pennsylvanie</li>
</region>
<settlement>
<li>Pittsburgh</li>
</settlement>
<orgName>
<li>Université de Pittsburgh</li>
</orgName>
</list>
<tree>
<country name="États-Unis">
<region name="Pennsylvanie">
<name sortKey="Hersh, Elliot V" sort="Hersh, Elliot V" uniqKey="Hersh E" first="Elliot V" last="Hersh">Elliot V. Hersh</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Moore, Paul A" sort="Moore, Paul A" uniqKey="Moore P" first="Paul A" last="Moore">Paul A. Moore</name>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>

Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)

EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Sante/explor/SuicidDentistV1/Data/Main/Exploration
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000173 | SxmlIndent | more

Ou

HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd -nk 000173 | SxmlIndent | more

Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri

{{Explor lien
   |wiki=    Sante
   |area=    SuicidDentistV1
   |flux=    Main
   |étape=   Exploration
   |type=    RBID
   |clé=     pubmed:26053779
   |texte=   Three Serious Drug Interactions that Every Dentist Should Know About.
}}

Pour générer des pages wiki

HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/RBID.i   -Sk "pubmed:26053779" \
       | HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd   \
       | NlmPubMed2Wicri -a SuicidDentistV1 

Wicri

This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.39.
Data generation: Sun Oct 3 17:04:29 2021. Site generation: Sun Oct 3 17:05:17 2021